Sixty-one percent of Americans are worried or very worried about food and product safety, and 55 percent say they are more worried today than a year ago, according to a survey by legal informati

Source: Meatingplace.comAporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Nuestra meta es promover la inocuidad alimentaria, instando a autoridades, productores y consumidores Latinoamericanos a aportar en la consecución de este objetivo. Our goal is to promote food safety, pushing authorities, producers and latin american consumers to increase their efforts to accomplish this objective.
Crohn's is a condition that affects one in 800 people in the UK and causes chronic intestinal inflammation, leading to pain, bleeding and diarrhoea.The team found that a bacterium called Mycobacterium paratuberculosis releases a molecule that prevents a type of white blood cell from killing E.coli bacteria found in the body. E.coli is known to be present within Crohn’s disease tissue in increased numbers.
It is thought that the Mycobacteria make their way into the body’s system via cows’ milk and other dairy products. In cattle it can cause an illness called Johne's disease - a wasting, diarrhoeal condition. Until now, however, it has been unclear how this bacterium could trigger intestinal inflammation in humans.
Professor Jon Rhodes, from the University’s School of Clinical Sciences, explains: “Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been found within Crohn’s disease tissue but there has been much controversy concerning its role in the disease. We have now shown that these Mycobacteria release a complex molecule containing a sugar, called mannose. This molecule prevents a type of white blood cells, called macrophages, from killing internalised E.coli.”
Scientists have previously shown that people with Crohn’s disease have increased numbers of a ‘sticky’ type of E.coli and weakened ability to fight off intestinal bacteria. The suppressive effect of the Mycobacterial molecule on this type of white blood cell suggests it is a likely mechanism for weakening the body’s defence against the bacteria.
Professor Rhodes added: "We also found that this bacterium is a likely trigger for a circulating antibody protein (ASCA) that is found in about two thirds of patients with Crohn's disease, suggesting that these people may have been infected by the Mycobacterium."The team is beginning clinical trials to assess whether an antibiotic combination can be used to target the bacteria contained in white blood cells as a possible treatment for Crohn’s disease.
Source: Gastroenterology
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
state health lab have been on the trail of the outbreak since late October 2007.
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Wild pink salmon around the Broughton Archipelago are declining rapidly and will die out within 10 years if no action is taken, say researchers. They say the data, published in Science, raises serious concerns about the global expansion of aquaculture. Sea lice from farms [aquaculture farms - Mod.TG] are known to infect wild salmon, but until now the impact on wild populations has been uncertain.
"The impact is so severe that the viability of the wild salmon populations is threatened," said lead researcher Martin Krkosek from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.
Using a mathematical model of population growth rates, they show that sea lice from industrial fish farms are reducing the numbers of wild pink salmon -- a Pacific salmon species -- to the extent that the fish could be locally extinct in 8 years or less.
The report in Science has implications for other parts of the world where salmon is farmed, such as Norway and Scotland. Other species of salmon are known to become infected with sea lice, but they vary in their ability to withstand this.
This molecule is one of about 80 known small RNAs common to many bacteria. It got its name for its role in sugar metabolism (SgrS is an acronym for sugar-related stress). When a bacterium such as Escherichia coli has taken up enough – or too much – glucose from its surroundings, SgrS helps stop the transport of glucose molecules across the cell membrane.
In trying to tease out how SgrS performs this task, researchers discovered that the molecule performs dual roles, both of which inhibit the transport of glucose into the cell. One region of the RNA molecule binds to a messenger RNA to inhibit the production of new glucose transporters, while another region codes for a protein that seems to retard the activity of existing transporters.
The findings appear online this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “The most novel thing about this discovery is that this molecule seems to be truly bi-functional in that the two functions it performs participate in the same stress response.
One other small RNA, a 500-nucleotide molecule that regulates virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, was previously found to encode a protein, but the activity of that protein did not participate in the regulation.
The two regions of the molecule were apparently engaged in unrelated tasks.
Some glucose is obviously good, since the bacteria use it to make essential cell molecules and to provide energy. However, excess glucose in bacterial cells interferes with vital functions, so the SgrS response is essential to bacterial survival. A deeper understanding of how bacteria defend themselves from metabolic stresses such as excess glucose could lead to important therapeutic innovations The author said, “Don’t overlook them just because they’re short”.
Source: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Cooks run their vegetables under water to clean them before they are served, but even that preventative measure may not be enough. While researching her doctoral dissertation, Meredith Agle, a 2003 University alumna who works as a scientist at Rich Products, found some types of food-borne pathogens on vegetables cannot be killed by rinsing them under water. These pathogens can make a person sick if not removed. The study revolved around the Shigella sp. bacteria, Agle said, which can cause illness if biofilms form and stick to the vegetable. An outbreak of Shigella sp. in bean salad in a Chicago restaurant in 1999 was the basis for the research.
A good way to get these pathogens, which also include E. coli and salmonella, off of raw vegetables has yet to be discovered, said Scott Martin, professor in ACES.
"Once these pathogens get on the vegetables, you cannot remove them," Martin said. "There is nothing the consumer can do to remove the pathogens once they get onto the salad, unless you cook them."
These pathogens often enter the vegetables while they are still growing plants. They infect them through the stomata, structures on the outer skin of a plant that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Martin said there needs to be a better process in the field to kill these pathogens so people can eat bacteria-free vegetables. He compared vegetables contaminated by the pathogens to unpasteurized milk.
"There is no step available like the pasteurization step to treat fresh produce," he said.
The Food and Drug Administration has a procedure on its Web site for consumers to eliminate the chances of their vegetables being contaminated by food-borne pathogens. The FDA advises cutting off all bruised areas, rinsing the vegetable under water and then drying with a clean towel.
Sebastian Cianci, spokesman for the FDA, said these steps will help prevent people from getting sick.
"Food safety begins on the farm and ends with the consumer," Cianci said.
"By following a few simple rules for purchasing, storing and preparing produce, consumers can reduce the likelihood that they will experience food-borne illness," he said.
Agle said food-borne pathogen outbreaks are fairly common. Spinach was taken off the shelves in many supermarkets last year after an E. coli breakout, but Agle said the high level of publicity contributed to the widespread concern.
"There are a lot of outbreaks, but there are even more that go unreported," Agle said.
Source: http://media.www.dailyillini.com/
Aoporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Researchers have deciphered the molecular language that cholera bacteria use to coordinate their infectivity. The bacteria use this chemical communication to signal their presence to one another, so that they can plan as a group when to be most virulent and when to escape their host to find new victims.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Bonnie Bassler and her colleagues at Princeton University reported their findings in the November 15, 2007, issue of the journal Nature.
Bassler and her colleagues have long studied a type of bacterial chemical conversation known as quorum sensing. This process depends on the bacteria releasing signaling chemicals called autoinducers into their environment, and subsequently detecting and responding to the build up of these molecules to coordinate with one another to ensure maximum infectivity and other group behaviors.
“We had shown that cholera had quorum sensing, and we had produced a mutant form of cholera that couldn't perform quorum sensing properly, which affected virulence,” said Bassler. “This finding told us that there must be an autoinducer molecule that this mutant couldn't make that had a role in virulence, but we had no idea what that molecule was.”
Bassler explained that the way the cholera bacteria use that molecule suggested it could make a useful treatment. “When people first get cholera, the bacteria immediately stick to the intestine in a structure called a biofilm and they release toxins,” she said. “During this time, they are multiplying rapidly and also releasing the autoinducer molecule. When the bacteria reach high cell numbers, the high concentration of the autoinducer molecule represses virulence and stops biofilm formation, enabling the bacteria to escape into the environment to spread to other people. So, if we could isolate and purify this molecule, and supply it to the bacteria to get them to prematurely terminate virulence, we thought it could be used as a treatment approach.”
Through their mutational studies, the researchers had identified the gene that codes for the enzyme that makes the unknown molecule. They inserted that gene into the gut bacterium E. coli, transforming the bacterium into a biological factory for large amounts of the chemical. That strategy allowed them to purify the chemical, which they called CAI-1, and analyze its molecular structure.
“We know that there are molecules analogous to CAI-1 that are very species-specific, and we also understand that there are molecules that are generic and enable inter-species communication. Together, they give bacteria a multicellular character. And the fact that we are coming to understand this communication and even learn how to manipulate it both for medical and industrial purposes makes this a very exciting time for this research field.
Source: Howard Huges Medical Institute
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is warning the public not to consume Los Angeles Salad Company Baby Carrots described below because the product may be contaminated with Shigella.
The affected product, Los Angeles Salad Company Genuine Sweet Baby Carrots, is labelled as product of Mexico and imported by Los Angeles Salad Company. It is sold in 672 g/1.5lb plastic bags bearing ITM 50325, UPC 8 31129 00137 7 and Sell By dates up to and including 8 /13 /07.
This product was sold in Costco stores in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland.
There have been four confirmed illnesses associated with the consumption of this product.
Food contaminated with Shigella may not look or smell spoiled. Shigella infection can cause diarrhea (which may be bloody), fever, nausea, and vomiting. Illness usually lasts from 4 to 14 days. In some persons, especially very young, and very old people and people with compromised immune systems, the diarrhea can be more severe. Infection can occur after eating and drinking food and water that is contaminated with Shigella and can be passed from person to person.
Costco Wholesale, Ottawa, Ontario, is voluntarily recalling the affected product from the marketplace. The CFIA is monitoring the effectiveness of the recall.
Ver más: www.inspection.gc.ca
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Double B Foods Inc. in Meridian, Texas, is voluntarily recalling approximately 98,000 pounds of frozen sausage roll products that may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service announced.
The frozen sausage roll products were produced on various dates between Oct. 25 and Nov. 6, and were distributed to retail establishments in Texas, and institutions, catalogue sales and distribution centers in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Texas.
The establishment's in-plant testing program uncovered the problem. FSIS has received no reports of illnesses associated with consumption of this product.
Fuente: Meatingplace.com
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Agreements forged at Codex meetings could eventually affect the way processors operate worldwide as they become incorporated into national laws.
Entre lo que establece este documento está:
1.- En el sistema deberán ser consideradas todas las etapas del análisis de riesgo, en un planteamiento integrado “de la granja a la mesa”.
2.- Fortalecer la inocuidad alimentaria, en base a los componentes básicos que debe tener todo sistema nacional de control de alimentos.
3.- Dar importancia de la legislación, la inspección, los laboratorios y la comunicación en materia de inocuidad y calidad de los alimentos.
Ver más: www.consumer.es
Aporte: Tatiana Gómez
nales.
La FIA persigue que las Pymes agrícolas participen activamente en la meta de transformar a Chile en una Potencia alimentaria, meta que pretende alcanzarse el 2014, situando a nuestro país entre los 10 principales proveedores de alimentos del mundo.
IMA contara con recursos por $500 millones, además reforzara las principales fortalezas de la identidad alimentaria chilena: atributos de inocuidad, calidad y sanidad, tanto de los procesos como de los productos ofrecidos por el sector.
Los fondos entregados por FIA se destinaran a financiar estudios y proyectos que contribuyan a diseñar, reformular o establecer mejoras en la presentación de los alimentos, capacitación de quienes sean responsables de establecer estrategias de marketing fijadas por la empresa, entre otros.
Aporte de: Tatiana Gómez
Recientemente Balcazar junto a otros investigadores realizaron un estudio in vitro, en cinco bacterias ácido lácticas para ser utilizadas como candidatos probióticos en peces, basados en la propiedad de las cepas de adhesión competitiva y de producción de sustancias que actúan contra algunos patógenos de peces.
Los investigadores notaron una reducción de la adhesión en todas las cepas patógenicas analizadas al utilizar tres de las cepas ácido lácticas (Lactococcus lactis Subs. Lactis CLFP100, Lactococcus lactis Subs. Cremoris CLFP102 y Lactobacillus curvatus CLFP150). Sólo los patógenos de peces, Renibacterium salmoninarum y Flavobacterium psychrophilum no fueron inhibidos por las cepas ácido lácticas.
La producción de compuestos antagónicos por las cepas lácticas analizadas fue observada al menos contra una de las cepas patogénicas indicadoras. Basándose en la adhesión al mucus, exclusión competitiva y supresión de crecimiento de patógenos, las cepas seleccionadas podrían ser consideradas para futuros experimentos en peces y son una nueva alternativa al uso de agentes terapéuticos.
Fuente: Veterinary Microbiology 122:373-380. 2007.
Aporte: Gisela González Hein
ue da directrices sobre la preparación frente a amenazas biológicas, que parte del hecho que ciertas bacterias y virus pueden convertirse en agentes infecciosos responsables de enfermedades humanas o plagas en cultivos y ganado.
Según la propuesta comunitaria, la protección de la cadena alimentaria debe fundamentarse en criterios científicos sólidos y rigurosos.
Si bien la seguridad de los productos alimenticios ya queda garantizada con el marco jurídico que la regula, hay que fortalecerlo con mejoras en la seguridad y prevención de estos “accidentes intencionados” y en la respuesta ante los brotes, que incluyen tanto animales como agentes biológicos responsables de enfermedades zoonoticas. Para evitar este tipo de accidentes, la Comisión Europea plantea combinar trabajos de la Convención sobre Armas Biológicas y Toxicas (Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, BWC) con otras herramientas de ayuda a la salud publica.
Según señala el Libro Verde, la respuesta a posibles atentados de bioterrorismo debería ser capaz de actuar contra más de un brote a la vez.
Los expertos europeos están trabajando para elaborar una lista con todos los posibles agentes biológicos y químicos que se pueden utilizar para un ataque bioterrorista, como por ejemplo ántrax, toxina botulínica, viruela, yersenia pestis y los virus de las fiebres hemorrágicas.
Aporte: Tatiana Gómez
Una de las buenas prácticas agrícolas dice relación con el manejo de sustancias peligrosas y en particular con el almacenamiento de plaguicidas. Estas buenas prácticas serán en un futuro próximo regidas por la aparición del Reglamento de Almacenamiento de Sustancias Químicas Peligrosas.
las sustancias tóxicas (plaguicidas entre otras) el reglamento impondrá los siguientes requisitos:
Research could lead to new class of antibiotics
Jerusalem – Discovery by Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers of a new communication factor that enables bacteria to “talk to each other” and causes their death could have significant consequences leading to development of a new class of antibiotic medications.
Bacteria are traditionally considered unicellular organisms. However, increasing experimental evidence indicates that bacteria seldom behave as isolated organisms. Instead, they are members of a community in which the isolated organisms communicate among themselves, thereby manifesting some multi-cellular behaviors.
In an article published Friday (Oct. 26) in the journal Science, the Hebrew University scientists describe the new communication factor they have discovered that is produced by the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli. The new factor is secreted by the bacteria and serves as a communication signal between single bacterial cells.
The communication factor formed by Escherichia coli enables the activation of a built-in “suicide module” which is located on the bacterial chromosome and is responsible for bacterial cell death under stressful conditions. Therefore, the new factor has been designated EDF (Extra-cellular Death Factor).
While suicidal cell death is counterproductive for the individual bacterial cell, it becomes effective for the bacterial community as a whole by the simultaneous action of a group of cells that are signaled by EDF. Under stressful conditions in which the EDF is activated, a major sub-population within the bacterial culture dies, allowing the survival of the population as a whole.
Understanding how the EDF functions may provide a lead for a new and more efficient class of antibiotics that specifically trigger bacterial cell death in the intestine bacteria Escherichia coli and probably in many other bacteria, including those pathogens that also carry the “suicide module.”
The discovered communication factor is a novel biological molecule, noted Prof Engelberg-Kulka. It is a peptide (a very small protein) that is produced by the bacteria. The chemical characterization of the new communication factor was particularly difficult for the researchers because of two main reasons: it is present in the bacterial culture in minute amounts, and the factor decomposes under the conditions that are routinely used during standard chemical characterization methods. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new specific method. The research has also identified several bacterial genes that are involved in the generation of the communication factor, said Prof. Engelberg-Kulka.
Ver mas: Journal of Science, the Hebrew University
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
A Salmonella outbreak associated with pot pies from ConAgra Foods has increased to 272 cases in 35 states, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported yesterday.
At least 65 people have been hospitalized in the outbreak, but none have died, the CDC said in what it labeled its last update on the episode. The latest case count is close to double the 139 cases reported by the CDC in its first notice about the outbreak on Oct 9.
Yesterday the CDC said at least 272 isolates collected from patients were identified as Salmonella serotype I4,[5],12:i:- and had matching genetic fingerprints. A CDC case-control study has linked salmonellosis cases with eating Banquet brand pot pies, and the outbreak strain has also been found in three pot pies bought by patients, the agency said.
ConAgra first issued a consumer advisory about the outbreak on Oct 9 and followed up with a recall of all varieties of its pot pies on Oct 11, though cases had been linked only to chicken and turkey pies.
The recall includes Banquet pot pies and those sold under the following labels: Albertson's, Food Lion, Great Value, Hill Country Fare, Kirkwood, Kroger, Meijer, and Western Family. The 7-ounce pies bear the establishment number "P-9" or "Est. 1059" on the side of the package. The CDC said consumers should check their freezers and return or discard the products.
Of the states affected by the outbreak, Washington has had the most cases with 27, according to the CDC. Wisconsin has had 24 cases, while California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania have had 18 each.
See also: CDC update, http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/4512eyeminus.htm
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
The Chinese government approved in principle on Wednesday [31 Oct 2007] a new food safety law aimed at raising standards at every level of production, a senior official said. The quality of Chinese goods has come under international scrutiny following scandals involving products ranging from toothpaste and pet food to toys and fish. Beijing insists the issue is limited to a few errant companies and is being hyped by foreign media as well as being driven by a protectionist agenda in some countries. But it has also vowed to tighten checks and crack down on illegal behaviour.
(WHO) head Margaret Chan. "This law totally covers how to standardise our food products' production, processing, sale, and supervision," Li told reporters. "I believe that the promulgation of this law will certainly effectively raise China's food safety situation and guarantee food safety and people's health," he said, but gave no timetable.
Source: http://www.gov.cn
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa