Priming by osmotic, physiological and temperature
stress had the highest positive effect sizes on microbial response.
Microbes
have to cope with complex and dynamic environments, making it likely that
anticipatory responses provide fitness benefits. Mild, previous stressors can
prepare microbes (stress priming) to further and potentially damaging stressors
(triggering).
Quantitatively summarizing the findings from over 250 trials of 34 studies
including bacteria and fungi, demonstrating that priming to stress has a
beneficial impact on microbial survival.
In fact, survival of primed microbes
was about 10-fold higher compared with that in non-primed microbes.
Categorical
moderators related to microbial taxonomy and the kind of stress applied as
priming or as triggering revealed significant differences of priming effect
size among 14 different microbial species, 6 stress categories and stressor
combination.
Priming by osmotic, physiological and temperature stress had the highest
positive effect sizes on microbial response. Cross-protection was evident for
physiological, temperature and pH stresses.
Microbes
are better prepared against triggering by oxidative, temperature and osmotic
stress. Our finding of an overall positive mean effect of priming regardless of
the microbial system and particular stressor provides unprecedentedly strong
evidence of the broad ecological significance of microbial stress priming.
These
results further suggest that stress priming may be an important factor in
shaping microbial communities.
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