Nuestra meta es promover la inocuidad alimentaria, instando a autoridades, productores y consumidores Latinoamericanos a aportar en la consecución de este objetivo. Our goal is to promote food safety, pushing authorities, producers and latin american consumers to increase their efforts to accomplish this objective.
martes, 25 de diciembre de 2007
USA: Consumers are increasingly worried about food safety
Sixty-one percent of Americans are worried or very worried about food and product safety, and 55 percent say they are more worried today than a year ago, according to a survey by legal information services provider Thomson West.The survey, which examined consumer feelings about a range of products including food, toys and home appliances, found that 61 percent of respondents are worried about the safety of food. The only product category that prompted more safety concern was medicine, which 64 percent of consumers said they are worried about.Twenty-seven percent of survey respondents said they have owned a recalled food product. Thomson West's survey results echo the findings of an exclusive survey conducted by Meatingplace and POULTRY, which discovered that 34 percent of consumers are less confident about the overall safety of the U.S. meat supply than they were five years ago. (See Exclusive: Survey suggests fraying consumer confidence in meat safety on Meatingplace.com, Dec. 17, 2007.)
Source: Meatingplace.comAporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Survey shows disconnect between food-safety understanding and action
Although most consumers indicate a proficient working knowledge of safe food handling practices, they don't always put that knowledge into action, according to an exclusive survey conducted by POULTRY and its sister publication Meatingplace. The majority of respondents, for example, recognize that USDA recommends cooking fresh poultry to at a minimum internal temperature of 165 degrees F. At the same time, 63 percent of consumers said they rarely or never use a meat thermometer to ensure the product is properly cooked. One third of respondents said they could tell if a meat or poultry product was cooked just by looking at it.Sixty-one percent follow recommended guidelines to defrost frozen product in the refrigerator, and 59 percent said they regularly read a package's preparation directions. But 40 percent rarely or never read safe-handling instructions.The publications conducted a survey in November of about 600 primary food purchasers nationwide via Zoomerang.com to gauge consumer actions and attitudes. "With the risk of food-borne illness so dependent on food-handling practices, we wanted to gauge what consumers know, or think they know, about handling fresh meat and poultry," said Bill McDowell, vice president of editorial for the magazines. "We were surprised by the results. Consumers actually know more one might guess. The problem is, they don't always do what they should. This gap reveals both a need and opportunity for the industry to accelerate its education and outreach efforts."
Meatingplace.com
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
viernes, 21 de diciembre de 2007
USDA agree on new chicken labeling
Springdale, Ark.-based Tyson Foods Inc. on Thursday said the company and USDA have agreed to change the wording in its "raised without antibiotics" chicken program.The wording will now read: "Chicken Raised Without Antibiotics that impact antibiotic resistance in humans." It is a compromise reached after six weeks of consumer research and discussion, Tyson officials said. "We once again turned to consumers for their guidance and they told us this label more clearly conveys our chickens are not raised with any feed ingredients that could contribute to antibiotic resistance in humans," Dave Hogberg, senior vice president of Consumer Products Marketing for Tyson Foods, said in a news release. "The new labeling allows us to continue producing Raised Without Antibiotics chicken, which nine out of 10 consumers say is important to them."Tyson began the process of modifying the label in November after USDA notified the company that the agency considers ionophores, which Tyson uses in its chicken feed, as an antibiotic. Tyson said it plans to continue using ionophores, a federally approved feed ingredient used to help prevent an intestinal illness in chicken. They are not used in human medicine and don't contribute to developing antibiotic resistance to important human drugs.
Source: Meatingplace.com
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
jueves, 20 de diciembre de 2007
Marine Harvest trasladaría su producción en Chile por enfermedad del salmón
Fuente: Emol
martes, 18 de diciembre de 2007
Alimentos seguros en el Espacio
A pesar de los avances hechos en el campo de la comida espacial, mucho más amplia y con mejor sabor que los primeros alimentos orbitales, uno de los retos actuales es facilitar, especialmente en misiones largas, alimentos frescos. Y es que hasta ahora lo que ha primado en la alimentación de los astronautas ha sido la seguridad, higiene y calidad de los alimentos, dejando de lado los aspectos más organolépticos. Los países que hasta el momento desarrollan alimentos para este fin son EE.UU. y Rusia.
Fuente: Boletines@consumer.es
lunes, 17 de diciembre de 2007
Poultry News First human case of H5N1 bird flu confirmed in Myanmar
A 7-year-old girl is Myanmar's (Birmania) first human case of the potentially deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu, the World Health Organization confirmed.
The girl, who is from Shan state in the eastern part of the country, became ill in November and has since recovered.
WHO is investigating how she was infected. An outbreak of H5N1 in poultry was reported in Shan state around the time she became sick. So far, all of the people who came in contact with the girl are healthy.
Source: Meatingplace.com
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
sábado, 15 de diciembre de 2007
Bacteria in Cows Milk May Cause Crohn's Disease
Crohn's is a condition that affects one in 800 people in the UK and causes chronic intestinal inflammation, leading to pain, bleeding and diarrhoea.The team found that a bacterium called Mycobacterium paratuberculosis releases a molecule that prevents a type of white blood cell from killing E.coli bacteria found in the body. E.coli is known to be present within Crohn’s disease tissue in increased numbers.
It is thought that the Mycobacteria make their way into the body’s system via cows’ milk and other dairy products. In cattle it can cause an illness called Johne's disease - a wasting, diarrhoeal condition. Until now, however, it has been unclear how this bacterium could trigger intestinal inflammation in humans.
Professor Jon Rhodes, from the University’s School of Clinical Sciences, explains: “Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been found within Crohn’s disease tissue but there has been much controversy concerning its role in the disease. We have now shown that these Mycobacteria release a complex molecule containing a sugar, called mannose. This molecule prevents a type of white blood cells, called macrophages, from killing internalised E.coli.”
Scientists have previously shown that people with Crohn’s disease have increased numbers of a ‘sticky’ type of E.coli and weakened ability to fight off intestinal bacteria. The suppressive effect of the Mycobacterial molecule on this type of white blood cell suggests it is a likely mechanism for weakening the body’s defence against the bacteria.
Professor Rhodes added: "We also found that this bacterium is a likely trigger for a circulating antibody protein (ASCA) that is found in about two thirds of patients with Crohn's disease, suggesting that these people may have been infected by the Mycobacterium."The team is beginning clinical trials to assess whether an antibiotic combination can be used to target the bacteria contained in white blood cells as a possible treatment for Crohn’s disease.
Source: Gastroenterology
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Antibiotic resistant Salmonella outbreak in Arizona
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Extinction threat to wild pacific salmon
Wild pink salmon around the Broughton Archipelago are declining rapidly and will die out within 10 years if no action is taken, say researchers. They say the data, published in Science, raises serious concerns about the global expansion of aquaculture. Sea lice from farms [aquaculture farms - Mod.TG] are known to infect wild salmon, but until now the impact on wild populations has been uncertain.
"The impact is so severe that the viability of the wild salmon populations is threatened," said lead researcher Martin Krkosek from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.
Using a mathematical model of population growth rates, they show that sea lice from industrial fish farms are reducing the numbers of wild pink salmon -- a Pacific salmon species -- to the extent that the fish could be locally extinct in 8 years or less.
The report in Science has implications for other parts of the world where salmon is farmed, such as Norway and Scotland. Other species of salmon are known to become infected with sea lice, but they vary in their ability to withstand this.
lunes, 10 de diciembre de 2007
Seminario: Chile 2015 Potencia Alimentaria
Una de las principales conclusiones de este seminario es que el 2008 sea reconocido como el año de la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico para el sector agro-alimentario y forestal de nuestro país, según señaló el Ministro Rojas en su intervención.
En este sentido, el ministro destacó la labor que está desarrollando en conjunto con Fundación Chile, el INTA de la Universidad de Chile y la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Católica respecto del Diagnóstico de las Capacidades Chilenas para la Innovación en el Sector Alimentario con miras al 2015. En uno de los aspectos principales de su discurso Rojas insistió en la necesidad de mejorar la oferta del país, siempre respetando los mayores estándares de calidad e inocuidad. Para esto es fundamental que tanto el estado como las empresas del sector realicen una fuerte inversión que permita aumentar la competitividad y el procesamiento de los alimentos, con lo que se podrá optar a mayores ingresos.
Propiedades antimicrobianas de la plata
Los antimicrobianos son sustancias naturales o sintéticas, orgánicas o inorgánicas, que inhiben el crecimiento de los microorganismos (bacterias y hongos y levaduras, virus, protozoos). Su eficacia depende de parámetros como su concentración, tipo de microorganismo y de sustrato además de temperatura, pH, humedad y niveles de oxígeno. Para ser eficaces, los iones de plata deben interaccionar con el microorganismo y penetrar en él. La plata se introduce en el interior de la célula a través de unos transportadores de metales presentes en su membrana compitiendo con ellos por los lugares de captación.
Los iones de plata actúan interfiriendo en la permeabilidad gaseosa de la membrana (respiración celular) y una vez en el interior de la célula, alteran su sistema enzimático, inhibiendo su metabolismo y producción de energía y modificando su material genético. El resultado es que el microorganismo pierde rápidamente toda capacidad de crecer y reproducirse. De esta manera se evita el desarrollo de microorganismos patógenos como 'Salmonella', 'Legionella', 'Escherichia coli' y 'Staphylococcus aureus', entre otros.
Una de las virtudes de la plata es que constituye un antimicrobiano de amplio espectro. La plata iónica destruye las bacterias, hongos, virus y protozoos, aunque es menos activa frente a microorganismos más resistentes, como las esporas. Además, los estudios revelan que es muy poco probable que los microorganismos desarrollen algún tipo de resistencia al tratamiento. Son ecológicos, permanentes y no contaminantes. Los iones de plata quedan atrapados en un sustrato matriz o film protector desde donde actúan. A diferencia de otros productos desinfectantes químicos, su actividad es continua y duradera, no eliminándose a través de la limpieza del producto tratado. Además, su efecto es limpio e inocuo para otros seres vivos. No tienen efectos tóxicos en las células humanas 'in vivo'.
En el ámbito alimentario, el tratamiento por iones de plata se está aplicando actualmente a neveras domésticas, máquinas de hielo, papeles y envases alimentarios, tablas y cuchillos, superficies, cintas transportadoras y maquinaria de la industria agroalimentaria, jabones líquidos para el lavado de manos a base de óxido de plata, productos de limpieza profesional junto con el agua oxigenada. Todas estas aplicaciones están relacionadas con los alimentos, e impiden que los microorganismos crezcan y se desarrollen, por lo que son un factor más para tener en cuenta en el cada día más exigente campo de la seguridad alimentaria.
miércoles, 5 de diciembre de 2007
Small RNA Plays Parallel Roles in Bacterial Metabolism
They are often overlooked, and were once thought to be too small to contribute much to major cellular processes, but in recent years the study of small ribonucleic acids (sRNA) has gained momentum. Now a team from the University of Illinois has identified the unique metabolic activities of one of these bit players, a 200-nucleotide-long RNA molecule in bacteria called SgrS.
This molecule is one of about 80 known small RNAs common to many bacteria. It got its name for its role in sugar metabolism (SgrS is an acronym for sugar-related stress). When a bacterium such as Escherichia coli has taken up enough – or too much – glucose from its surroundings, SgrS helps stop the transport of glucose molecules across the cell membrane.
In trying to tease out how SgrS performs this task, researchers discovered that the molecule performs dual roles, both of which inhibit the transport of glucose into the cell. One region of the RNA molecule binds to a messenger RNA to inhibit the production of new glucose transporters, while another region codes for a protein that seems to retard the activity of existing transporters.
The findings appear online this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “The most novel thing about this discovery is that this molecule seems to be truly bi-functional in that the two functions it performs participate in the same stress response.
One other small RNA, a 500-nucleotide molecule that regulates virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, was previously found to encode a protein, but the activity of that protein did not participate in the regulation.
The two regions of the molecule were apparently engaged in unrelated tasks.
Some glucose is obviously good, since the bacteria use it to make essential cell molecules and to provide energy. However, excess glucose in bacterial cells interferes with vital functions, so the SgrS response is essential to bacterial survival. A deeper understanding of how bacteria defend themselves from metabolic stresses such as excess glucose could lead to important therapeutic innovations The author said, “Don’t overlook them just because they’re short”.
Source: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Rinsing veggies with water may not be enough
Cooks run their vegetables under water to clean them before they are served, but even that preventative measure may not be enough. While researching her doctoral dissertation, Meredith Agle, a 2003 University alumna who works as a scientist at Rich Products, found some types of food-borne pathogens on vegetables cannot be killed by rinsing them under water. These pathogens can make a person sick if not removed. The study revolved around the Shigella sp. bacteria, Agle said, which can cause illness if biofilms form and stick to the vegetable. An outbreak of Shigella sp. in bean salad in a Chicago restaurant in 1999 was the basis for the research.
A good way to get these pathogens, which also include E. coli and salmonella, off of raw vegetables has yet to be discovered, said Scott Martin, professor in ACES.
"Once these pathogens get on the vegetables, you cannot remove them," Martin said. "There is nothing the consumer can do to remove the pathogens once they get onto the salad, unless you cook them."
These pathogens often enter the vegetables while they are still growing plants. They infect them through the stomata, structures on the outer skin of a plant that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Martin said there needs to be a better process in the field to kill these pathogens so people can eat bacteria-free vegetables. He compared vegetables contaminated by the pathogens to unpasteurized milk.
"There is no step available like the pasteurization step to treat fresh produce," he said.
The Food and Drug Administration has a procedure on its Web site for consumers to eliminate the chances of their vegetables being contaminated by food-borne pathogens. The FDA advises cutting off all bruised areas, rinsing the vegetable under water and then drying with a clean towel.
Sebastian Cianci, spokesman for the FDA, said these steps will help prevent people from getting sick.
"Food safety begins on the farm and ends with the consumer," Cianci said.
"By following a few simple rules for purchasing, storing and preparing produce, consumers can reduce the likelihood that they will experience food-borne illness," he said.
Agle said food-borne pathogen outbreaks are fairly common. Spinach was taken off the shelves in many supermarkets last year after an E. coli breakout, but Agle said the high level of publicity contributed to the widespread concern.
"There are a lot of outbreaks, but there are even more that go unreported," Agle said.
Source: http://media.www.dailyillini.com/
Aoporte: Guillermo Figueroa
miércoles, 28 de noviembre de 2007
Omega 3 en la cadena alimentaria
La incorporación de omega 3 en la cadena alimenaria, uno de los estudios que incluye el proyecto, ampara un beneficio doble. Por un lado, la obtención de productos con mayor presencia de omega 3, nutriente al que se le asocian propiedades beneficiosas en salud humana como protector contra enfermedades cardiovasculares y capacidad para retrasar el deterioro mental. Por otro lado, evitaría tener que recurrir siempre a la fuente natural, el pescado graso como la caballa o el salmón, cada vez más escasos.
Según Jonathan Napier, uno de los participantes del proyecto europeo y experto del Instituto de Investigaciones de Rothamsted, en el Reino Unido, se trata de una de las metodologías que más expectativas genera puesto que no existen plantas de origen natural con capacidad para «sintetizar los ácidos grasos omega 3 de cadena larga». A pesar del avance de las investigaciones, todavía quedarían por delante unos cinco años de trabajo para poder disponer de campos de este tipo de cultivos transgénicos destinados a alimentar a los animales.
La fase preliminar de este hallazgo ha consistido en extraer genes de algas marinas microscópicas, en concreto, las que producen los ácidos eicosapentanoico (EPA) y docosahexanoico (DHA), e insertarlos en aceites de linaza y colza.
Los cerdos también
El interés por aumentar la presencia de omega 3 en alimentos llevaba a un grupo de expertos estadounidenses a crear cerdos transgénico ricos en este ácido. En marzo de 2006, la revista 'Nature Biotechnology' publicaba los resultados de sus investigaciones, basadas en la transferencia al núcleo de las células madre de los cerdos un gen llamado FAT-1, responsable de la producción de una enzima que transforma en omega 3 los ácidos grasos omega 6. De 1.633 embriones implantados en 14 cerdas, nacieron vivos 10 lechones, de los cuales seis tenían el gen FAT-1. Es un ejemplo más de cómo podrían introducirse los ácidos grasos omega 3 en la cadena alimentaria, que complementaría las investigaciones que se están desarrollando para fabricar piensos con este ácido y destinarlos al consumo de pollos, ganado vacuno, y así producir carne, leche y huevos enriquecidos.
martes, 27 de noviembre de 2007
Exportación de alimentos crece a razón de US$ 1 millón al año
A juicio del ejecutivo, esto podría situar a dicha industria como el principal sector de generación de divisas del país en el mediano plazo, asegurando que el sector agrícola es uno de los que mejor desempeño puede llegar a tener en los próximos años.
Añadió que hoy se puede cambiar la forma de hacer agricultura agregándole valor a la producción a través de la participación de los diferentes agentes de encadenamientos productivos dinámicos, incluida la agricultura campesina.
Se trata, dijo, de una innovación “esencial” para avanzar en el posicionamiento de Chile como potencia alimentaria. Montanari agregó que el sector agrícola es el que ha mostrado señales de una gran expansión y buenas perspectivas, lo que debe reforzarse con alianzas como la que mantienen con Indap en materia de encadenamiento de pequeños productores y la industria. “Chile necesita de las pymes agrícolas”, sentenció.
Instrumentos de apoyo Para el director de Indap, Hernán Rojas, la clave está en concordar una “estrategia país” para afianzar la alianza exportadora y recordó que la agricultura familiar campesina es la responsable por el 85% de las explotaciones del país.
En el seminario, Rojas detalló los instrumentos de fomento productivo para el sector y anunció un drástico cambio a los servicios de asesoría técnica que, a partir del 2 de enero, serán completamente auditados y transparentados para dar mayores certezas técnicas y de calidad a los usuarios.
Aporte: Cristián López H.
Interrupting Cholera’s Conversation
Researchers have deciphered the molecular language that cholera bacteria use to coordinate their infectivity. The bacteria use this chemical communication to signal their presence to one another, so that they can plan as a group when to be most virulent and when to escape their host to find new victims.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Bonnie Bassler and her colleagues at Princeton University reported their findings in the November 15, 2007, issue of the journal Nature.
Bassler and her colleagues have long studied a type of bacterial chemical conversation known as quorum sensing. This process depends on the bacteria releasing signaling chemicals called autoinducers into their environment, and subsequently detecting and responding to the build up of these molecules to coordinate with one another to ensure maximum infectivity and other group behaviors.
“We had shown that cholera had quorum sensing, and we had produced a mutant form of cholera that couldn't perform quorum sensing properly, which affected virulence,” said Bassler. “This finding told us that there must be an autoinducer molecule that this mutant couldn't make that had a role in virulence, but we had no idea what that molecule was.”
Bassler explained that the way the cholera bacteria use that molecule suggested it could make a useful treatment. “When people first get cholera, the bacteria immediately stick to the intestine in a structure called a biofilm and they release toxins,” she said. “During this time, they are multiplying rapidly and also releasing the autoinducer molecule. When the bacteria reach high cell numbers, the high concentration of the autoinducer molecule represses virulence and stops biofilm formation, enabling the bacteria to escape into the environment to spread to other people. So, if we could isolate and purify this molecule, and supply it to the bacteria to get them to prematurely terminate virulence, we thought it could be used as a treatment approach.”
Through their mutational studies, the researchers had identified the gene that codes for the enzyme that makes the unknown molecule. They inserted that gene into the gut bacterium E. coli, transforming the bacterium into a biological factory for large amounts of the chemical. That strategy allowed them to purify the chemical, which they called CAI-1, and analyze its molecular structure.
“We know that there are molecules analogous to CAI-1 that are very species-specific, and we also understand that there are molecules that are generic and enable inter-species communication. Together, they give bacteria a multicellular character. And the fact that we are coming to understand this communication and even learn how to manipulate it both for medical and industrial purposes makes this a very exciting time for this research field.
Source: Howard Huges Medical Institute
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
lunes, 26 de noviembre de 2007
Inocuidad Alimentaria y Ciencia de la Carne
lunes, 19 de noviembre de 2007
LOS ANGELES SALAD COMPANY BABY CARROTS MAY CONTAIN SHIGELLA BACTERIA
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is warning the public not to consume Los Angeles Salad Company Baby Carrots described below because the product may be contaminated with Shigella.
The affected product, Los Angeles Salad Company Genuine Sweet Baby Carrots, is labelled as product of Mexico and imported by Los Angeles Salad Company. It is sold in 672 g/1.5lb plastic bags bearing ITM 50325, UPC 8 31129 00137 7 and Sell By dates up to and including 8 /13 /07.
This product was sold in Costco stores in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland.
There have been four confirmed illnesses associated with the consumption of this product.
Food contaminated with Shigella may not look or smell spoiled. Shigella infection can cause diarrhea (which may be bloody), fever, nausea, and vomiting. Illness usually lasts from 4 to 14 days. In some persons, especially very young, and very old people and people with compromised immune systems, the diarrhea can be more severe. Infection can occur after eating and drinking food and water that is contaminated with Shigella and can be passed from person to person.
Costco Wholesale, Ottawa, Ontario, is voluntarily recalling the affected product from the marketplace. The CFIA is monitoring the effectiveness of the recall.
Ver más: www.inspection.gc.ca
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
Food Safety Listeria concerns prompt sausage recall
Double B Foods Inc. in Meridian, Texas, is voluntarily recalling approximately 98,000 pounds of frozen sausage roll products that may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service announced.
The frozen sausage roll products were produced on various dates between Oct. 25 and Nov. 6, and were distributed to retail establishments in Texas, and institutions, catalogue sales and distribution centers in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Texas.
The establishment's in-plant testing program uncovered the problem. FSIS has received no reports of illnesses associated with consumption of this product.
Fuente: Meatingplace.com
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
domingo, 18 de noviembre de 2007
Radiactividad en alimentos
La radiación recibida por vías internas depende de los alimentos y bebidas que consumimos (un 8,7% del total recibidos según los estudios realizados, más de la mitad alrededor de un 60% corresponde al Potasio 40, componente natural de los mismos) y del hábitat de cada individuo.
En cuanto a las fuentes artificiales, destacan los usos médicos, ciertos hábitos de vida (como viajes en avión), actividades industriales que implican utilización de radiaciones ionizantes, las pruebas nucleares y la industria nuclear. Los estudios realizados hasta el momento demuestran cómo la población media de España está expuesta a niveles de radiación muy por debajo de los límites de seguridad.
La entrada de los radionucleidos a los alimentos se produce inicialmente por adsorción desde el suelo o por su deposición en las plantas desde la atmósfera. Posteriormente, pueden incorporarse a las personas por consumo directo de estos vegetales o bien de animales o sus derivados, como la leche, que han sido alimentados con pastos o piensos contaminados. Es lo que se denomina cadena de radiocontaminación. Aunque la dosis ingerida sea muy baja, la contaminación radiactiva tiene alto interés toxicológico debido a que el cuerpo humano no tiene mecanismos de descontaminación. Además, algunos radionucleidos poseen afinidad por ciertos tejidos por lo que se acumulan progresivamente en ellos.
Algunos elementos radiactivos se desintegran en periodos relativamente cortos, por lo que suponen un peligro en casos puntuales de accidentes, mientras que otros de vida media o larga pueden permanecer en el entorno largos periodos de tiempo, convirtiéndose en contaminantes permanentes. Exposiciones intensas o continuadas a radiactividad se relacionan con el desarrollo de enfermedades degenerativas celulares como el cáncer. El objetivo de la vigilancia de radionucleidos a través del estudio de la dieta es disponer de datos sobre su ingesta real a lo largo del tiempo, y contar con una herramienta que facilite la evaluación de riesgos en situaciones particulares.
Aporte: Cristián López.
martes, 13 de noviembre de 2007
Codex debates Listeria standards for ready-to-eat foods
At a six-day meeting ended 4 November in New Delhi, India, national representatives to Codex's food hygiene committee also decided to start work on drafting safety guidelines setting standards to control Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken meat.
At the New Delhi meeting they discussed various positions, including those relating to proposed standards for pasteurized liquid whole eggs, hygienic practice for processing powdered formulae for infants and children, pathogen controls for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, and guidelines for evaluating manufacturing control measures. The proposed standard setting what pathogen controls for Listeria monocytogenes ready-to-eat food processors must put in place is based in the main on US risk assessments, according to Codex documents.
Based on the risk assessments, a working group led by Germany concluded that a zero tolerance standard for L. monocytogenes have a proportional reduction in the rates of illness from foods contaminated with the pathogen.
The committee proposes to exclude from the criteria foods that are processing in such a way to ensure the killing of L. monocytogenes and for which recontamination is not possible.
The foods must also be processed and handled under systems adhering to good hygienic practice (GHP), a separate international standard.
Such foods include those given a listericidal treatment in the package and those that are produced through aseptic processing and packaging.
At the meeting the EU delegation also proposed that the standard should specifically include ready-to-eat foods for infants and those with medical conditions.
The EU supports a 100 colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) limit on the pathogen for ready-to-eat foods, if the food manufacturer is able to demonstrate the maximum would not be exceeded throughout self-life.
The EU delegation also noted that setting a zero tolerance standard, where a negative reading is set at 25g = 0.04 colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) "might cause misunderstandings".
The EU also wants clarification on foods not covered by the testing standard, pointing out that previous discussions had also discussed products for which Listeria monocytogenes is "very unlikely" to be detected.
Clarification is also needed about the proposed exclusion of foods for which there is less than '1 log' growth during 1.3 times the expected shelf life, the EU stated in its submission. Various definitions of 'shelf-life' might confuse the issue.
Agreements forged at Codex meetings could eventually affect the way processors operate worldwide as they become incorporated into national laws.
lunes, 12 de noviembre de 2007
INFORME FAO PARA FORTALECER SISTEMAS CONTROL ALIMENTOS
Entre lo que establece este documento está:
1.- En el sistema deberán ser consideradas todas las etapas del análisis de riesgo, en un planteamiento integrado “de la granja a la mesa”.
2.- Fortalecer la inocuidad alimentaria, en base a los componentes básicos que debe tener todo sistema nacional de control de alimentos.
3.- Dar importancia de la legislación, la inspección, los laboratorios y la comunicación en materia de inocuidad y calidad de los alimentos.
Ver más: www.consumer.es
Aporte: Tatiana Gómez
Por primera vez se incluye fondos para Marketing
La FIA persigue que las Pymes agrícolas participen activamente en la meta de transformar a Chile en una Potencia alimentaria, meta que pretende alcanzarse el 2014, situando a nuestro país entre los 10 principales proveedores de alimentos del mundo.
IMA contara con recursos por $500 millones, además reforzara las principales fortalezas de la identidad alimentaria chilena: atributos de inocuidad, calidad y sanidad, tanto de los procesos como de los productos ofrecidos por el sector.
Los fondos entregados por FIA se destinaran a financiar estudios y proyectos que contribuyan a diseñar, reformular o establecer mejoras en la presentación de los alimentos, capacitación de quienes sean responsables de establecer estrategias de marketing fijadas por la empresa, entre otros.
Aporte de: Tatiana Gómez
Bacterias Ácido Lácticas Contra Patógenos del Pescado.
Recientemente Balcazar junto a otros investigadores realizaron un estudio in vitro, en cinco bacterias ácido lácticas para ser utilizadas como candidatos probióticos en peces, basados en la propiedad de las cepas de adhesión competitiva y de producción de sustancias que actúan contra algunos patógenos de peces.
Los investigadores notaron una reducción de la adhesión en todas las cepas patógenicas analizadas al utilizar tres de las cepas ácido lácticas (Lactococcus lactis Subs. Lactis CLFP100, Lactococcus lactis Subs. Cremoris CLFP102 y Lactobacillus curvatus CLFP150). Sólo los patógenos de peces, Renibacterium salmoninarum y Flavobacterium psychrophilum no fueron inhibidos por las cepas ácido lácticas.
La producción de compuestos antagónicos por las cepas lácticas analizadas fue observada al menos contra una de las cepas patogénicas indicadoras. Basándose en la adhesión al mucus, exclusión competitiva y supresión de crecimiento de patógenos, las cepas seleccionadas podrían ser consideradas para futuros experimentos en peces y son una nueva alternativa al uso de agentes terapéuticos.
Fuente: Veterinary Microbiology 122:373-380. 2007.
Aporte: Gisela González Hein
BIOTERRORISMO
Según la propuesta comunitaria, la protección de la cadena alimentaria debe fundamentarse en criterios científicos sólidos y rigurosos.
Si bien la seguridad de los productos alimenticios ya queda garantizada con el marco jurídico que la regula, hay que fortalecerlo con mejoras en la seguridad y prevención de estos “accidentes intencionados” y en la respuesta ante los brotes, que incluyen tanto animales como agentes biológicos responsables de enfermedades zoonoticas. Para evitar este tipo de accidentes, la Comisión Europea plantea combinar trabajos de la Convención sobre Armas Biológicas y Toxicas (Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, BWC) con otras herramientas de ayuda a la salud publica.
Según señala el Libro Verde, la respuesta a posibles atentados de bioterrorismo debería ser capaz de actuar contra más de un brote a la vez.
Los expertos europeos están trabajando para elaborar una lista con todos los posibles agentes biológicos y químicos que se pueden utilizar para un ataque bioterrorista, como por ejemplo ántrax, toxina botulínica, viruela, yersenia pestis y los virus de las fiebres hemorrágicas.
Aporte: Tatiana Gómez
Almacenamiento de Plaguicidas
Una de las buenas prácticas agrícolas dice relación con el manejo de sustancias peligrosas y en particular con el almacenamiento de plaguicidas. Estas buenas prácticas serán en un futuro próximo regidas por la aparición del Reglamento de Almacenamiento de Sustancias Químicas Peligrosas.
DEL ALMACENAMIENTO DE PEQUEÑAS CANTIDADES
- Titulo XII : del etiquetado
- Titulo XIII : del plan de emergencias
domingo, 11 de noviembre de 2007
New Peptide Communication Factor Enabling Bacteria to 'Talk to Each Other' Discovered
Research could lead to new class of antibiotics
Jerusalem – Discovery by Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers of a new communication factor that enables bacteria to “talk to each other” and causes their death could have significant consequences leading to development of a new class of antibiotic medications.
Bacteria are traditionally considered unicellular organisms. However, increasing experimental evidence indicates that bacteria seldom behave as isolated organisms. Instead, they are members of a community in which the isolated organisms communicate among themselves, thereby manifesting some multi-cellular behaviors.
In an article published Friday (Oct. 26) in the journal Science, the Hebrew University scientists describe the new communication factor they have discovered that is produced by the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli. The new factor is secreted by the bacteria and serves as a communication signal between single bacterial cells.
The communication factor formed by Escherichia coli enables the activation of a built-in “suicide module” which is located on the bacterial chromosome and is responsible for bacterial cell death under stressful conditions. Therefore, the new factor has been designated EDF (Extra-cellular Death Factor).
While suicidal cell death is counterproductive for the individual bacterial cell, it becomes effective for the bacterial community as a whole by the simultaneous action of a group of cells that are signaled by EDF. Under stressful conditions in which the EDF is activated, a major sub-population within the bacterial culture dies, allowing the survival of the population as a whole.
Understanding how the EDF functions may provide a lead for a new and more efficient class of antibiotics that specifically trigger bacterial cell death in the intestine bacteria Escherichia coli and probably in many other bacteria, including those pathogens that also carry the “suicide module.”
The discovered communication factor is a novel biological molecule, noted Prof Engelberg-Kulka. It is a peptide (a very small protein) that is produced by the bacteria. The chemical characterization of the new communication factor was particularly difficult for the researchers because of two main reasons: it is present in the bacterial culture in minute amounts, and the factor decomposes under the conditions that are routinely used during standard chemical characterization methods. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new specific method. The research has also identified several bacterial genes that are involved in the generation of the communication factor, said Prof. Engelberg-Kulka.
Ver mas: Journal of Science, the Hebrew University
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
sábado, 3 de noviembre de 2007
Salmonella outbreak associated with pot pies from ConAgra Foods.
A Salmonella outbreak associated with pot pies from ConAgra Foods has increased to 272 cases in 35 states, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported yesterday.
At least 65 people have been hospitalized in the outbreak, but none have died, the CDC said in what it labeled its last update on the episode. The latest case count is close to double the 139 cases reported by the CDC in its first notice about the outbreak on Oct 9.
Yesterday the CDC said at least 272 isolates collected from patients were identified as Salmonella serotype I4,[5],12:i:- and had matching genetic fingerprints. A CDC case-control study has linked salmonellosis cases with eating Banquet brand pot pies, and the outbreak strain has also been found in three pot pies bought by patients, the agency said.
ConAgra first issued a consumer advisory about the outbreak on Oct 9 and followed up with a recall of all varieties of its pot pies on Oct 11, though cases had been linked only to chicken and turkey pies.
The recall includes Banquet pot pies and those sold under the following labels: Albertson's, Food Lion, Great Value, Hill Country Fare, Kirkwood, Kroger, Meijer, and Western Family. The 7-ounce pies bear the establishment number "P-9" or "Est. 1059" on the side of the package. The CDC said consumers should check their freezers and return or discard the products.
Of the states affected by the outbreak, Washington has had the most cases with 27, according to the CDC. Wisconsin has had 24 cases, while California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania have had 18 each.
See also: CDC update, http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/4512eyeminus.htm
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
jueves, 1 de noviembre de 2007
New food safety law in China
The Chinese government approved in principle on Wednesday [31 Oct 2007] a new food safety law aimed at raising standards at every level of production, a senior official said. The quality of Chinese goods has come under international scrutiny following scandals involving products ranging from toothpaste and pet food to toys and fish. Beijing insists the issue is limited to a few errant companies and is being hyped by foreign media as well as being driven by a protectionist agenda in some countries. But it has also vowed to tighten checks and crack down on illegal behaviour.
(WHO) head Margaret Chan. "This law totally covers how to standardise our food products' production, processing, sale, and supervision," Li told reporters. "I believe that the promulgation of this law will certainly effectively raise China's food safety situation and guarantee food safety and people's health," he said, but gave no timetable.
Source: http://www.gov.cn
Aporte: Guillermo Figueroa
martes, 30 de octubre de 2007
En diciembre se inician las exportaciones de aves a EE.UU.
El Subsecretario del Departamento de Marketing y Programas de Regulación, Chuck Lambert, y el Subsecretario del Departamento de Inocuidad Alimentaria (FSIS) de EEUU, Richard Raymond, se reunieron con el Ministro de Agricultura, Alvaro Rojas, para comunicar oficialmente que el próximo jueves 1 de noviembre se publicará la resolución que permite a Chile ingresar a la reducida lista de países autorizados para exportar carne de aves a EEUU.
Estados Unidos es el primer productor de carne de aves a nivel mundial con 19 millones de toneladas al año, de las cuales exporta aproximadamente el 15%, y considerando que maneja una estricta y cerrada política hacia las importaciones, (representan el 0,11% del consumo), la autorización que recibe Chile marca un hito histórico, ya que le permite acceder a un mercado de 299 millones de personas con un consumo per cápita de 54 kg/año.
El proceso de equivalencia sanitaria ha sido liderado por el Ministerio de Agricultura a través de un intenso trabajo desarrollado por el SAG y la Agregaduría Agrícola en Estados Unidos. Además, gracias al esfuerzo constante y al trabajo de otras instituciones como el Ministerio de Salud, y al apoyo de la Asociación de Productores Avícolas de Chile, que han debido sorterar diversas dificultades, se ha logrado llegar a puerto.
Se espera que a partir de diciembre, cuando todos los procesos administrativos hayan finalizado, se inicien las exportaciones de carne de aves al mercado norteamericano, las que deberán aumentar en forma gradual, para aprovechar al máximo los beneficios entregados por el TLC vigente. Este acuerdo entrega una cuota recíproca con arancel preferencial, que para el año 2008 ascenderá a 8.820 ton., por lo cual, durante ese año, se podrá encontrar carne de pollo chilena en los supermercados norteamericanos, como también pollo norteamericano en los supermercados chilenos.